Charles Law Example Problem

Charles law is a special case of the ideal gas law in which the pressure of a gas is constant. Charles law states that volume is proportional to the absolute temperature of a gas at constant pressure. Doubling the temperature of gas doubles its volume, so long as the pressure and quantity of the gas are unchanged.   Charles Law Example Problem This example problem shows how to use Charles law to solve a gas law problem: A 600 mL sample of nitrogen is heated from 27  °C to 77  °C at constant pressure. What is the final volume? Solution: The first step to solving gas law problems should be converting all temperatures to absolute temperatures. In other words, if the temperature is given in Celsius or Fahrenheit, convert it to Kelvin. (This is where the most commonplace mistakes are made in this type of homework problem.) T K 273  °CTi initial temperature 27  °CTi K 273 27Ti K 300 KTf final temperature 77  °CTf K 273 77Tf K 350 K The next step is to use Charles law to find the final volume. Charles law is expressed as: Vi/Ti Vf/TfwhereVi and Ti is the initial volume and temperatureVf and Tf is the final volume and temperatureSolve the equation for Vf:Vf ViTf/TiEnter the known values and solve for Vf.Vf (600 mL)(350 K)/(300 K)Vf 700 mLAnswer:The final volume after heating will be 700 mL. More Examples of Charles Law If you think Charles Law seems irrelevant to real-life situations, think again! By understanding the basics of the law, youll know what to expect in a variety of real-world situations and once you know how to solve a problem using Charles Law, you can make predictions and even start to plan new inventions. Here are several examples of situations in which Charles Law is at play: If you take a basketball outside on a cold day, the ball shrinks a bit as the temperature is decreased. This is also the case with any inflated object and explains why its a good idea to check your cars tire pressure when the temperature drops.If you over-inflate a pool float on a hot day, it can swell in the sun and burst.Pop-up turkey thermometers work based on Charles law. As the turkey cooks, the gas inside the thermometer expands until it can pop the plunger. Examples of Other Gas Laws Charles law is only one of the special cases of the ideal gas law that you may encounter. Each of the laws is named for the person who formulated it. Its good to know how to tell the gas laws apart and be able to cite examples of each one. Amontons Law: Doubling temperature doubles pressure at constant volume and mass. Example: As automobile tires heat up when you drive, their pressure increases.Boyles Law: Doubling pressure halves volume, at constant temperature and mass. Example: When you blow bubbles underwater, they expand as they rise to the surface.Avogadros Law: Doubling the mass or number of moles of a gas doubles the volume at constant temperature and pressure. Example: Inhaling fills the lungs with air, expanding their volume.

American History X The Story Of Two Brothers - 1961 Words

American History X â€Å"They (African Americans) are a burden to the advancement of the white race,† a comment that is said by a Danny Vinyard, perfectly demonstrates the racist attitudes, which result in violence, that are shown throughout American History X. The movie tells the story of two brothers, Derek and Danny Vinyard, who become victims of their surroundings and a product of the people they emulate. Derek, Danny’s older brother, is at first portrayed as the leader of the Skinheads, a neo-Nazi, Venice Beach gang filled with hatred towards any non-white groups especially African Americans. This hatred is intensified by the need to be superior, but in order to accomplish this, another group must be deemed inferior, and therefore oppressed, in this case African Americans. At the beginning of the movie, Derek is sent to prison for manslaughter, leaving his little brother to be alone and fall deeper into a hole of hatred and the beliefs of the gang. On the other hand, Derek experience s a series of events while in prison that lead him to a drastic transformation. Through Derek’s transformative journey, the movie depicts that even though hatred is a source of violence and exclusion, the anger brought about from hatred can lead to a positive personal development. American History X shows how Derek’s persona is a product of the people he emulates. We first see this when Derek’s dad is surprised by how he enthusiastically speaks about his African American English teacher, callingShow MoreRelatedRacism in American History X951 Words   |  4 PagesAmerican History X is clearly a film dealing with racism. The interesting thing about this film is the way in which the subject is treated. First of all, it is obvious that, though racism is always a difficult subject to deal with, American History X presents it without any reservations or dumming down. Second, the films figurehead for racism, Derek Vinyard (Edward Norton), is not an unintelligent redneck racist as films often portray them, but is in fact well-spoken, charismatic and intelligentRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie American History X 858 Words   |  4 Pageslearning–whether at the very personal/familial level, or the institutional level. The film,American History X, tells the story of two brothers who are both involved with a Neo-Nazi gang in Venice Beach. The movie starts with the older brother Derrick getting out of jail for the murder of two black gang members. At the same time his brother is getting out of jail, the younger brother Danny is forced to write a paper about his brother s influence on him. The movie then unfolds as part of the paper that DannyRead MoreEssay on Racism in American History X936 Words   |  4 Pages American History X is clearly a film dealing with racism. The interesting thing about this film is the way in which the subject is treated. First of all, it is obvious that, though racism is always a difficult subject to deal with, American History X presents it without any reservations or dumming down. Second, the films figurehead for racism, Derek Vinyard (Edward Norton), is not an unintelligent redneck racist as films often portray them, but is in fact well-spoken, charismatic and intelligentRead MoreAnalysis Of The Film American History X1537 Words   |  7 PagesVandalism, murder, and rape are only a taste of the violence presented within the film American HIstory X (Tony Kaye). In his work, Kaye explores the origins of racism through the minds of Derek (Edward Norton) and his brother, Danny (Edward Furlong); however, the film tells the story of far more t han these two brothers. It tells the story of all those who have ever overcame their prejudice feelings through the process of introspection and their proximity to those they are prejudice towards. WhileRead MoreRacial Representation in American History X Essay1399 Words   |  6 PagesA movie American History X (1988) deals with white supremacy and racism. We can see a variety of racial representation in this movie. We’re going to see implicit racial associations and racist stereotypes seen in the film first with the framework of John Russell’s discussion in his research â€Å"Race as Ricorso: Blackface(s), Racial Representation, and the Transnational Apologetics of Historical Amnesia in the United States and Japan,† examine the background and arguments on race in the movie, and seeRead MoreAmerican History X By Tony Kaye And Written By David Mckenna1439 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican History X Almost one week before I started to take this class, I watched â€Å"American History X† for the first time. When I learned we are going to do this project, this movie was on my mind and I did not surprise at all when I saw it in our movie list. Since the beginning of the semester, everything related to multiculturalism in this movie is becoming clearer to me. Multiculturalism is a huge issue, especially the country like the US which has many different races. One of the first thingsRead MoreAmerican History X - Paper 21730 Words   |  7 PagesAnthropology American History X â€Å"I hate anyone that is not white Protestant,† begins Danny Vinyard, the brother of a former neo Nazi skinhead. American History X offers opinions from two sides through one character, the ex-neo Nazi Derek, and the post-prison-reformed Derek. The post-prison-formed Derek serves as a vision of hope for present time. This powerful movie not only depicts the most disturbing aspects of racism, but also shows how close racism is to the middle-class, white Americans. AmericanRead MoreAmerican History Essays1013 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican History It is important to be proud of who you are and where you have come from. After watching the film American History X, whites are far from proud. We are ashamed to admit that people just like us can act in such a horrible and disillusioned way toward those that are different. As you watch, you see scenes of brutal violence, hear songs of hate and feel the pain of all involved. These acts show the viewers how easily young minds can be influenced to believe anything. TeachersRead MoreAfrican Americans : African American And A Writer952 Words   |  4 PagesBeing African-American and a writer was rare to say back then since many people viewed African-Americans as uneducated and illiterate. Till this day many people still see African-Americans as less competent than any other person from a different race. Throughout history we’ve seen many accomplishments from African-Americans, either it being in sports or in the educational field. I’ve never doubted African-Americans on t heir capacity on what they can and cannot do. African-Americans have broken manyRead MoreThe Autobiography Of Malcolm X As Told By Alex Haley1442 Words   |  6 PagesThe Autobiography of Malcolm X as told by Alex Haley is the story about a man who greatly impacted American history. Malcolm Little, or Malcolm X as he is more widely known, taught what he believed in regards to segregation, racism, and discrimination. Growing up in a large family with a father Earl Little, a Baptist minister, and his mother Louis Little, who was a homemaker, Malcolm’s life at the time seemed very promising. His father’s involvement in support of the Black National gained him many

Fabulous Fibonacci Essay - 1234 Words

Fabulous Fibonacci One of the most common places to see Fibonacci numbers is in the growth patterns of plants. Growth spirals are characterized by both a circular motion, and elongation. As a branch grows, it produces leaves at regular intervals, but not after each complete circle of its spiral. The reason the leaves are not directly above each other is because all of the leaves would not be able to get the necessary elements. It appears that leaves are generated on the stem in phyllotactic ratios where the numerator and denominator are both Fibonacci numbers. The numerator is the number of turns, and the denominator is the number of leaves past until there is a leaf directly above the original. The number of leaves past, ad both†¦show more content†¦Other examples would be as follows 3 -- lilies, 5 --wild roses, 8- delphiniums, 13- ragworts and the list goes on forever. Please note though, that some flowers have an exact number of petals e.g. buttercups, others have an average that is a Fibo nacci numbers. Fibonacci numbers are also associated with animals as well as plants. The most fascinating example of the sequence in the animal kingdom is the remarkable spiral that characterizes some animal growth. If you draw a square 1 unit long, then continue to add squares around that one you will get this following diagram. Then quarter circle arcs can be drawn connecting opposite corners of the squares on such a way that the arcs connect sequentially. What develops is a close approximation of the spiral shell of here of the chambered nautilus. Spirals such as this also occur in the horns of wild sheep, parrot beaks, and elephant tusks. Fibonacci numbers in Art and Architecture: Fibonacci numbers and ratios have has a curios influence on art and architecture for many centuries. There seems to be a visually pleasing quality to these numbers and their relationship to each other that has appealed to humanitys sense of beauty since recorded history. Today 3x5 and 5x8 index cards and booklets are extremely popular. This obviously shows the appeal of Fibonacci numbers that characterize such things as playing cards, writing pads, windows, mirrors, calculators, and credit cards, toShow MoreRelatedExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagesbiomes, but based upon nature’s perfect spiral. The design concept for the new education centre had been inspired by plant architecture – a design that has a track record going back some 400 million years. The principal design themes follow the Fibonacci mathematical sequence discovered by Leonardo da Pisa in the thirteenth century and echo the spirals at the centre of a sunï ¬â€šower or pine c one. Estimated costs for Big Build 2 were forecast at around  £15m with funding procured from some of Eden’s established

Improving Workplace Opportunities For Women - 1590 Words

A century ago women were excluded from the opportunities which men enjoyed. Today, many countries including Canada have progressed significantly by creating anti-discrimination laws that have performed a critical role in expanding workplace opportunities for women. However, these laws failed to guarantee workplace equality since female workers still face discrimination through significant pay gaps for similar job duties, lack of representation in boards and high paying positions, and also face sexual harassment at the workplace. Reports reveal that women still have a long way to go to achieve equality for themselves in their workplaces. More than two decades of development have resulted in only marginal progress for working women all around the world, in general and in Canada, in particular. Women are segregated by occupation, where most women have few opportunities of getting good positions and no better option other than contingent positions. The opportunities become even lesser if the women are of colour, belong to aboriginal community, with disabilities or aged 20 s-30 s. Not many women in our society belong to the wealthy upper class, study shows that women are under-represented by almost three quarters in the top 20 percent of Canadian earners. Women constitute only 11 percent of representation in the rich employees of Canada. Only 29 percent of women are able to access positions that pay salary of $32,367 and above. On the other hand, women also face the trend ofShow MoreRelatedGender Equality And Women s Rights1274 Words   |  6 Pages Women in the world still face discrimination and gender equality takes action to achieve women’s rights. AAUW provides and gives women the chance to have an education, while Catalyst reaches out to women to carry out equa l pay, equal participation in the workplace, and remove discrimination. UN Women attains to human rights for women. Throughout history women have fought for gender equality in the workplace and in education, and every year organizations like AAUW, Catalyst, and UN Women haveRead MoreThe View Of Moen Spencer932 Words   |  4 Pagesview of Moen Spencer (2006), wellbeing is important as it plays an essential role in creating prosperous societies. Focusing on wellbeing in the workplace can facilitate societies by aiding individuals working in offices to feel satisfied, committed and happy. The evidence reveals that people who are successful in achieving wellbeing in the workplace to a good standard are more productive, loyal and creative. They also tend to make efforts to make the customers more satisfied and retain them. InRead MoreGender Equality And Gender Inequality979 Words   |  4 Pageslocal policy debate on the subject of economic development. This policy concern has eme rged as an area of scholarly research which seeks to show that improving gender equity leads to economic growth. Gender Inequality in Australia: According to the data published by Australian Bureau of Statistics in May 2015, the full time average earnings of women is $284.20 or 17.9% less than the full time average earnings for men, this figure is calculated on the full time employees’ average weekly ordinary timeRead MoreWomens Fight for Respect and Equality in the Workplace Essay673 Words   |  3 Pages(College Candy) women have been fought they way to earn a respectful and equal opportunity in the place of work and looking back a few decades, according to a presentation by Emma Carter (2013), in 1911 women had no protection against discrimination in the workplace although, the role of females in our society was escalating as the society began to enter the labour market during the First World War in 1920. A presentation by Carter (2013) also states that in 1941 seven million women were involvedRead MoreGender Inequality In Australia Essay1622 Words   |  7 PagesWestern women have traditionally been perceived as the inferior sex, or the domestic partner, subjected wholly to the private sphere, and stripped of legal rights and standing. Meanwhile, men are depicted as the breadwinner, the strong, masculine and dominant partner, who belongs primarily to the public sphere. These historic gender norms have been deeply imbedded within Australia’s social foundation, and although society has gradually shifted away from these roles, evidence suggests that this genderRead MoreGender Inequality And Women During The Workplace Essay881 Words   |  4 Pageshours a week with only 30.6 for women, and married men worked longer hours than married women. Also, more than half a million women in 2011 were looking after home/family compared with only 9,600 men (Gender Equality In Ireland). Gend er stereotypes are hard to break, and like it or not, we are all prone to engaging in stereotyping at one time or another. This is demonstrated in the work of Mahzarian Banaji here at Harvard (Gender Inequality and Woman in the Workplace). In Addition, A review of theRead MoreWomen Workers In Society Have Been And Still Are Deemed1636 Words   |  7 PagesWomen workers in society have been and still are deemed as the weaker and inferior sex in the workforce. This idea is reinforced as women in the workforce are not given the same opportunities to advance in their careers as men or experience the ‘glass ceiling’ effect, women are forced into education or domestic responsibility and are seen to pursue in feminized or feminine sectors of the workforce (Cool, J, 2010). Thus saying, I argue this thinking is validated thorough the practices of gender inequalityRead MoreDiversity And Public Administration By Harvey L. White And Rice1254 Words   |  6 Pagesincreasing, publ ic organizations have a more diverse work environment. In the workplace, diversity can be a benefit. According to the article entitled , â€Å"Advantages and Disadvantages of Diversity in the Workplace† by David Ingram, Ingram(2015) stated that by have a diverse workplace allows the company to utilize their employees’ cultural difference to strengthen the organizations’ productivity. Another advantage of diverse workplace is that it increase employee’s personal growth. By employees being exposeRead MoreProspects For Improving Pay At The Lower End Of The Labour Market1579 Words   |  7 PagesMoreover, there are barriers which prevent the prospects for improving pay at the lower end of the labour market. Thus this essay will examine and evaluate the prospects for improving pay and recognizing the barriers which hold back people from moving up in the labour market. The first part will assess internal labour markets and how affective they are at improvi ng pay, the second part will discuss trade unions and how affective they are at improving low pay, and then finally this essay will analyse genderRead MoreLeveraging Human Potential : Gm 500 : Management Theories And Practices1288 Words   |  6 Pagesalways men to women, but it can be woman to woman. As a future, business woman I have to be mindful that diversity in the workforce must be alive and vibrant among women and men. To minimize the gender, generation gaps, and cultural differences. I learned that diversity training and inclusion is needed to build diversity. Analysis ?True To Myself? highlights the real world diversity issues at the workplace which is not only prone to racism, but also with one of the issues of men vs. women. In the workplace

Compare and Contrast the Whiskey Rebellion free essay sample

There was also the issue of the tax system. The tax system at this time was regressive in that much of the Eastern state economies lay in the barter System as opposed to the more monetary based economies found in the western and central parts of Massachusetts. Consequently, many farmers were unable to meet their tax obligations and were forced to sell their lands so as to raise money. As a result , due to dire need orchestrated by the supply and demand dictates, the price of land depreciated and thus contributing to the cyclic nature of poverty.This often meant that men also lost their right to vote since suffrage was often tied to owning land. At the beginning, the rebellion was peaceful and centered mainly on freeing the men who had been jailed for not paying their taxes. This revolt becomes more militant on August 29, 1786. A Massachusetts militia that had been raised as a private army defeated the rebellion force on February 3, 1787. We will write a custom essay sample on Compare and Contrast the Whiskey Rebellion or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In 1791, the government of the United States previously running under the Articles of Confederation had been replaced by a hands on, more effective overspent stipulated under the United States Constitution that had come into power in 1789 .The government took over the debts accumulated from the states from the American Revolutionary War. One stipulation to waiver the debts by the federal government was a tax on distilled spirits. Larger producers of beer were to be charged six cents a gallon whereas smaller producers were to be taxed a higher rate of nine cents a gallon. The smaller producers were outraged by this because they lacked capital to sustain this and did not have the necessary tools to market their products which would enervate income to cover the expense of the tax.Compounded by the lack of a well developed infrastructure to facilitate a well orchestrated production and distribution of beer, this made the taxes a difficult burden to bear for many. Disgruntling and disgust reached the highest pitch in the summer of 1794 when civil protests manifested as an armed rebellion, when shots were fired in Pennsylvania about ten miles south of Pittsburgh. As word spread of the rebellion, small time farmers and their supporters enacted bodies of assistance which were geared to disrupt the tax collecting process and make day to day routines in the village intolerable.George Washington and Alexander Hamilton, remembering Shays Rebellion from just eight years before, decided to make Pennsylvania a testing ground for federal authority. Washington order ed federal marshals to serve court orders requiring the tax protesters to appear in federal district court. On August 7, 1794, Washington invoked the Militia Law of 1792 to summon the militias of Pennsylvania, Virginia and several states. The rebel force they sought was likewise imposed of Pennsylvania, Virginians, and possibly men from other states.The militia force of 13,000 men was organized and under the personal command of Washington and Hamilton quickly suppressed the revolt. This marked the first time under the new Constitution that the federal government had used strong military force to exert authority over the nations citizens. The military suppression of the Whisky Rebellion told citizens who wished to change the law that they had to do so peacefully through constitutional means; otherwise, the government would meet any hearts to disturb the peace with force.The suppression of the Whiskey Rebellion also had the unintended consequences of encouraging small whiskey producers and other settlers to relocate to the then-frontier lands of Kentucky and Tennessee, which Were outside the sphere of Federal control for many years. In these frontier areas, they also found good corn-growing country and smooth, limeston e-filtered water to make their whiskey. Both Shay and the Whiskey rebellion arose from agrarian foundations, that is subsistence farmers complaining about the excruciating taxes, when it mom to the Whiskey Rebellion, the U. S. Government withstood a formidable challenge to its sovereignty. Preceded by Shays Rebellion in 1 786, and followed by Frieds Rebellion in 1 799, the Whiskey Rebellion is distinguished by its size. While all three rebellions were motivated by their opposition to burdensome taxes, neither Daniel Shays nor John Fries ever gathered more than a few hundred supporters at any one time. On at least one occasion, as many as 15,000 men and women marched on Pittsburgh in armed opposition to the federal excise tax on whiskey.

Economics for Business Microeconomics Deals Economy

Question: Describe about the Economics for Business of Microeconomics Deals Economy. Answer: Introduction Macroeconomics deals with the performance of the economy in the short and long run adhered to the macroeconomic variables prevailing in the country. It helps in analysing the complexities and the method in which the country works (Mankiw, 2014). It deals with the production of all the goods and services in the economy that thereby considers the national market of the country. This essay explores the short run and the long run equilibrium in the economy, where it analyses the short run equilibrium and the challenges that are explored in the short run. Along with that, the long run equilibrium of the economy set by the principles and theories are stated where the government plays a major function in attaining the equilibrium. The essay helps in analysing the reason for the stable economy to operate at an output level where the aggregate demand curve, long run and the short run aggregate supply curve intersect. This study has been divided into further subdivisions that would analyse the objectives of the essay in a orderly manner. The essay at first depicts the aggregate demand curve, short run supply curve and the long run supply curve. Following the definition of the three, it analyses the short run equilibrium, government intervention in the economy followed by the long run equilibrium. Aggregate Demand Curve, Short Run Aggregate Supply Curve and Long Run Aggregate Supply Curve Aggregate demand curve of an economy consists of the consumption expenditure, planned investment, government purchases and net exports. It is a downward sloping curve which could be written as Y= C+I+G+NX (Stock Watson, 2016). The shift in the aggregate demand curve could be a result from change in the autonomous monetary policy, government purchases, taxes, net exports and consumption expenditure. Short run aggregate supply curve consists of three aspects, expected inflation, output gap and inflation shock. The supply curve is a positively sloped curve, where the slope of the curve depends upon how fast the prices respond about the variations in the output gap (Buiter, 2014). Long Run Aggregate Supply curve is determined by the amount of capital and labour used in manufacture along with the accessibility of technology usage in the production process. The natural rate of output is vertical which is generated by the natural rate of unemployment. Equilibrium in the short run In the short run term of an economy, equilibrium is achieved when the aggregate demand curve intersects the aggregate supply curve. The economy consists of three markets, namely, labour market, financial market and product market (Benigno, Ricci, Surico, 2015). It is quite vital for an economy to achieve equilibrium in all these three markets, that would help the economy to flourish. Availabilities of various fluctuations are noticed in the aggregate demand and aggregate supply model faced by an economy. This would be shown with the help of the following figure : Figure 1: Short Run Equilibrium (Source: As Created By the Author) In figure 1, initial aggregate demand and supply curves were AD and AS1, and equilibrium occurs at point E1. The equilibrium price level is P1 and Y1 corresponding to that equilibrium point. Sudden supply shocks are experienced in the economy, which causes a rightward shift of the supply curve. The increase in supply results from the shift of the supply curve from S1 to S2. Corresponding to the new equilibrium, the new price level is achieved at P2 and output level at Y2. Hence, it could be seen that there is a fall in the price level of the economy and a rise in the output level. In the short run, not all the factors of production are variable in nature. At least one of the factors are considered to be fixed. Hence, it could be stated that the economy may or may not be able to achieve the stability in the market after the supply shock that has been experienced. Government intervention In order to bring stability in the short run of the economy, government plays a vital role in imputing certain measurable changes that could bring the situation under control. Government exercises various expansionary and contractionary fiscal measures depending upon the situation (Scarth, 2014). In order to reduce the output in the market, the government employees certain contractionary measures, whereas, in order to overcome the deficit in output, the government undertakes expansionary measures in the economy. These measures help in restabilising the current state of the economy. The government can impute changes in the level of taxation, employment level, inflationary measures and other economical aspects, thereby accessing the equilibrium position of the markets. Long run equilibrium The Long Run Supply Curve faced by an economy is vertical, and it is quite important for the economy to choose a point of economys equilibrium where the aggregate demand curve, short run aggregate supply curve and the long run aggregate supply curve intersect. Figure 2: Long Run Equilibrium (Source: As Created by the Author) In the following figure, at first equilibrium occurs when AD1, AS1 and LRAS intersect. At that point, the short run equilibrium is in accordance with the long run equilibrium output, Q. With the change in some fiscal policy measures, there is an decrease of the aggregate demand curve from AD1 to AD2. This would shift the equilibrium point away from the long run equilibrium achieved earlier. There would be a rise in the price level along with the rise in the output. This would be considered as the new short run equilibrium in the economy (Weeks, 2013). Yet, as the economy further moves towards the long run, the expected price level of the economy would come in accordance with the actual price level of the firms, producers and workers. This would correspondingly shift the AS curve from AS1 to AS2. This would thereby shift the equilibrium position back in alignment with the long run equilibrium. Hence, it could be stated that during the short run in the economy, changes has been noticed both in the price level and the output level whereas, in the long run, changes are considered only in the price level and output remains the same. The contractionary measures affect the equilibrium exactly the opposite, yet, it manages to return back to the long run equilibrium level (Goodwin, Nelson, Harris, Torras, Roach, 2013). Hence, it could be stated from the above analysis that in order to attain stability in the economy, the aggregate demand curve, short run aggregate supply curve and the long run aggregate supply curve must intersect at the same point. Conclusion This study has provided the scope of analysing the mechanism and the process of how the economy manages to attain the equilibrium level of output amidst all the external and internal shocks prevailing within the economy. It is seen that these shocks affect the short run equilibrium level of the economy, yet, with the movement of the economy towards the long run, the stability is easily achieved. This stability brings changes in the price level yet; the output level remains the same. Government intervention in the short run time period of the economy helps in restoring the discrepancies that erupts. They utilize various fiscal measures in oirder to help the country to gain over such extreme situations. It provides the nation with the initiative of maintaining the demand and supply stability in the economy thereby, reducing unemployment and inflation. Relatively, the long run situation is achieved which enforces the stability of the country. Reference Benigno, P., Ricci, L. A., Surico, P. (2015). Unemployment and productivity in the long run: the role of macroeconomic volatility. Review of Economics and Statistics, 97(3), 698-709. Buiter, W. H. (2014). Temporary Equilibrium and Long-Run Equilibrium (Routledge Revivals). Routledge. Goodwin, N., Nelson, J., Harris, J., Torras, M., Roach, B. (2013). Macroeconomics in context. . ME Sharpe. Mankiw, N. G. (2014). Principles of macroeconomics. . Cengage Learning. Scarth, W. (2014). Macroeconomics. Books. Stock, J. H., Watson, M. W. (2016). Dynamic Factor Models, Factor-Augmented Vector Autoregressions, and Structural Vector Autoregressions in Macroeconomics. Handbook of Macroeconomics, 2, 415-525. Weeks, J. (2013). Book Review: A Modern Guide to Keynesian Macroeconomics and Economic Policies. Review of Radical Political Economics, 45(2), 240-242.

Organizational Culture and National Culture in Multinational Companies free essay sample

Abstract Multinational organizations are combinations of multicultural employees. Multicultural environments cause cultural shock among leaderships and employees. Organizational culture and national culture are significantly important in current marketing environment. Organizational culture mainly shows the value and the roles inside the organization. However, national culture is the directing of organizational culture and influence both leadership and employees deeply from their personal values. Furthermore, the relationship between organizational culture and national culture has impacts on leaderships, employees, job satisfaction as well as the commitment of employees to the organizations. This essay will discuss the issues above, and make introduction about organizational culture, national culture and leadership, and corresponding impacts on employees and organizations as follows: Firstly, a brief summary of the influence given by organizational cultures and national cultures on multinational companies will be made. Secondly, it will discuss the importance of organizational culture and its influences on organizations, leaderships and employees. Thirdly, it will emphasize discuses the significance of national culture and impacts on organizations, leaderships and employees. Fourthly, it will present how leadership is related to i organizational culture and national culture. At last, it will conclude how national culture is stronger than organizational culture in influencing employees in multinational companies. Globalization has a great influence in the booming of multinational companies. Multinational companies encourage the cooperation of versatile national powers. Doing business in different countries integrates the resource utilization and decreases the costs to a large extent. Multinational companies make the cultures of organization diverse. The relationship between leaderships and employees, which is connected to both organizational culture and national culture, is also influential in the development of organizations. However, national cultures and organizational cultures have some potential conflicts in multinational companies. Under this circumstance, it is vital to consider which culture is more valuable than the other to the development of the multinational company. With the rapid economic development over the past a few years, multinational companies has become one of the primary forms of corporation. The construction of these companies promotes not only universal economic growth but also the progress of globalization. Meanwhile, in any overseas country, the establishment of multinational companies might confront various challenges like different working habits and culture conflicts. It is comprehensible that employees from diverse culture backgrounds would have different perspectives on organizational culture in multinational companies. In this case, organizational culture is the collection of practices, traditions, customs, beliefs and values shared by one generation of employees of the organization to the next. National cultures must be considered if accurate predictions need to be made regarding corporate behavior in different countries. Thus, due to the existence of difference between organizational culture and national culture, multinational companies could not avoid facing the challenges. Most of the leaders and workers in a multinational enterprise are from different races and countries. It is unavoidable to confront the issues of culture conflicts when employees working in cooperation. Organizational culture affects the attitudes of employees towards treating personal and professional aims, and the performance of employees when accomplishing tasks. Organizational culture also has great influence on how people think and make decisions as well as the way they feel, act and express. Peter and John (2004, p323) suggests that organizational culture could influence particular aspects considerably in organizations like performance and commitment. Organizational cultures also combine with various forms of cultures. For instance, Wallach (1983) viewes three perspectives of organizational culture, that is, innovative, supportive and bureaucratic. Martin (1992) identified three forms of organizational culture, including fragmentation, differentiation and integration. Goffee and Jones (1998) define four types of organizational cultures, which is communal, fragmented, mercenary and networked. However, in a company, individuals have personal values and beliefs as well as personal desires. On that account, the attitude of employees and commitment to the companies may result in diversity of achievements. National cultures also have some effects on the values, beliefs and personal desires. A variety of countries have multifarious national cultures, giving rise to a culture shock in multinational companies. Cross-cultural research shows that significant differences exist in national culture characteristic between western and eastern cultures (Hofstede, 1980, 1991; El Kahal, 2001; Chen, 2001). For instance, it is widely known that bureaucratic traditional deep-rooted culture and high power distance exist in Chinese companies (Pye, 1985; Chen, 2001). The management of firms in the west and east makes a world of difference. The reason for that is the distinction between the impact of national culture on individual worth and how individual worth adapts to the organizational culture. Furthermore, after organizations in Hong Kong are mostly in power by ethnic Chinese, the Chinese-style high power distance and values of Confucian may make significant change of the organizational cultures. Confucian thinks that loyalty, respect of authority and obedience to the leadership may well be the most crucial (Peter John 2004, p323). A typical example is that the owner or supervisor in Korean and Chinese companies often makes major decisions. According to Hofstede (1980), Australia and America are both low power distance countries. People regard participation, equalitarianism and democracy as ubiquitous. However, they do not think authority is worth considering. As for decision making in these countries, there is much more democracy and equality. Furthermore, the more flexible the leaderships are, the further improvement of the enthusiasm, participation, productivity and satisfaction of the employees. It cannot eliminate the presence of bureaucratic structure in western firms, however the aim is to coordinate business of all levels and achieve the goal. The organizational culture of a firm, leadership and work satisfaction may be hypothesized by national cultures. Cultures consist of many distinct layers or types, national cultures and organizational cultures are parts of them. Organizational culture illustrates the value which is superior in a specific corporation. According to the comparison of the national culture and organizational culture, Hofstede (1991) suggests that national cultures normally show the gap in ingrained values of the corresponding cultures. Understanding of national cultures is beneficial to the development of the relationship among employees and employers. This could form a balance condition between the leadership and the staff. However, national cultures always cause misunderstandings and distance in multinational companies. Furthermore, due to unlike values, gaps among variety of national cultures are normally found in business in several multicultural companies. The organizational culture in a multinational company could build a bridge through cultural barriers, although the deep-rooted values among people in multicultural environment may always exist. Namely, perhaps employees from diverse national cultures are able to adjust to the organizational culture, still, the national cultures of their own may also be persistent in their daily life and business practice. This makes it difficult for the company to socialize employees from different cultures when the organizational culture is against their national culture. National culture and organizational culture are correlated with the behavior of employees. The research shows that national culture has a greater impacts on employees than organizational culture (Dols Silvius 2010, p13). This reflects the self-selection which occurs at the recruiting stage. Multinationals utilize employee selection process to recruit applicants who are appropriate for their organizational culture. Accordingly, the knowledge of national culure is indispensable, in particular in forms of accurate forecasting of employee behavior. At this point, if an enterprise plans to securely establish an efficient culure, it should considers both of national culture and organizational culture. In the multinational companies, national culture causes barriers to the diversity of a company. It makes an influence on hiring new employees who are not so fit in a corporate environment in certain country background. Leaders want the new employees to bring different cultures to the workplace whilst being adjustable to the organizational culture. Employees are under considerable pressure to conform strong cultures. The range of styles and values need to be restrained to some extent. With the aid of strong culture, an enterprise can reinforce cultural diversity by seeking their core culture to appeal to new employees. However, if the attraction and encouragement are effective, people who holds different values to the organization might become isolated and accept institutional bias. National culture is a culture related to individuals, it is ones original culture roots deeply into ones mind since one was born. However, organizational culture is created by others and one must adapt to and even affected by, but only on condition that it fits ones national culture. Leadership is the most important aspect to both success and failure of the companies. The form of leadership influences employee job satisfaction and commitment significantly. Peter and John (2004, p324) state that the style of leadership is often connected with low power distance and a flatter corporate construction. However, organizations that from Asia have much concentrated power and, whats more, central decision making and policy driven, which makes the situation that Asian companies are more based on position, authority and seniority. For instance, Chinese top boss always require guarantee as a symbol of loyalty to the organizations. Society in Chinese is defined as personalism (Peter John 2004, p324). That is, the relationship among employees and employers may make influences on employees commitment and their team spirit, also, better relationship between people leads to greater job satisfaction. Asian companies seem to be more ruled by person and relationship among person than other organizations in America that ruled by law, business rules and top bosses. Furthermore, in American organizations, leaderships are low power distance and normalized. Abilities are much more important than peoples relationships. The more consideration the leadership style is, the greater commitment and job satisfaction will be provided. To conclude, both national cultures and organizational cultures are imperative for multinational organizations in contemporary global environment. However, national cultures are more influential and deep-rooted in multinational organizations. Even organizational regulations are imposed according to national culture. Furthermore, with regard to decision-making, relationships between employees and employers are significantly inevitable in up-to-date business market. Organizational culture is the method to make the organization more outstanding in the market competition. However, national culture is related to the origin of organizational culture. Both of them have different value to multinational companies. Consequently, as the report has mentioned, owing to the value and power system of the organization are depended on the national culture national culture has greater influence on managers and employees in multinational companies. To identify the relationship between national culture and organizational culture could adjust the relationship between employees and leadership. Whats more, cooperation could gain more profits through internal personnel system.

Samsung Marketing Plan free essay sample

Samsung Group, was founded in 1938 by Byung-Chull Lee, a celebrated Korean entrepreneur. Lee started a small trading company with a $2,000 nest egg and 40 employees. He called it Samsung, which means three stars in Korean. The company enjoyed moderate growth before the Communist invasion in 1950 forced Lee to abandon his operations in Seoul. Lee established a sugar refinery in 1953, a move that was criticized at the time because sugar could be easily obtained through American aid. But for Lee, the act was important because it was the first manufacturing facility built in South Korea after the Korean War. From sugar, wool, and other commodity businesses, Lee moved into heavier manufacturing. The company prospered under Lees philosophy of making Samsung the leader in each industry he entered. In addition to the electronics division, which is the most profitable and successful one in the world, the company also has forayed into finance, chemicals, retail, and straight-up entertainment all with great degrees of success. We will write a custom essay sample on Samsung Marketing Plan or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The company employs many of South Koreas finest employees, including many with PHD level education. This is not surprising, seeing as the companys assets total somewhere around $300 billion. The company has some of the most loyal employees around and many work every day that means no holiday time off or weekends both because they want to and it is expected. Samsung as A Learning Organization A learning organization have five component of knowledge management, there are : Culture and Trust; Knowledge Worker; Supporting Facilities;

Biology Digest Essays - Medicine, Tick-borne Diseases,

Biology Digest Mysterious Fevers Admitted to a hospital for a 103.5 fever, Doctors weren't quite sure what Bob Ervins illness was. A routine diagnosis only reveled discomfort after eating and low levels of all three types of cells. Also his liver enzymes showed signs of anema. With this information, Doctors came up with the diagnosis of cholecystitis, otherwise known as inflamed gall bladder. However Surgeon Audrey Nevins felt that low levels of all three cells wasn't usually associated with the gall bladder. But, after questioning Ervins, Nevins learned ticks, while traveling through Colorado and Indiana, had bitten him. After some testing for diseases carried by ticks (RMSF, Babesiosis, Tubremia, Lyme Disease) Ervins blood was confirmed to have the presence of Ehrlichia Chaffeensis, which is from a lonestar tick infected with that bacterium. Bibliography Biology Digest Volume 26 Issue 4 December 1999 99/00 ? 1098 Science Essays

The place of Quebec is at the heart of the debate on constit essays

The place of Quebec is at the heart of the debate on constit essays The confederation settlement in Canada was proclaimed in 1867 and for the next 100 years Quebec was politically quiet, showing no signs of agitation toward the constitutional guidelines. During this period Quebec nationalism remained very defensive in character, with the primary effort of Quebec politicians being, to protect the constitutional framework, rather campaigning for reform. With the onset of the quiet revolution in the early 1960s, for which Quebec began to progress in many ways, economically, politically and becoming one of the most secular provinces in Canada. The Quebec government began to push for reform in the constitution, pushing for its recognition as a distinct society, due to the vast francophone majority in the province. Further manifestations maintained that Quebec should become a sovereign state in control of its own politics, these proposals went to attempts at referendum in the constitution act in 1982, the Meech lake Accord in 1987 and the Charlottetown A ccord in 1991-92, all of which will be discussed later. This move for reform of the system was intensified with the emergence of other sources of political discontent, such as the Aboriginal peoples, lack of representation in the House of Commons for the economically prosperous west, and new social movements such as Feminism and environmentalism . The Canadian system seems in need of reform but is the province of Quebec the only real or major source of discontent? Quebec has been a major source of political debate in Canada since the beginning of the 1960s as their quiet revolution began. The quiet revolution was a period of great change for the Quebecois, the most important probably being those of secularisation and as the economy and society in Quebec went through this period of change it no longer became a disadvantage to be of French mother tongue. As French became the language of teaching and of business in Quebec, an increase in nationa...

Annotation from Emma essays

Annotation from Emma essays This passage from Emma initiates the conclusion to the novel. As the conversation between Mr. Knightly and Emma unfolds both misinterpret the intentions of the other. Mr. Knightly believes that Emma grieves over the loss of Frank Churchill while Emma fears that Mr. Knightly intends to express his attachment to Harriet. These false assumptions reinforce one of the major themes of the novel: the obstacles of open expression. Seldom, very seldom does complete truth belong to any human disclosure; seldom can it happen that something is not a little disguised, or a little mistaken; but where, as in this case, though the conduct is mistaken, the feelings are not, it may not be very material. In support to this quotation, when they finally remove the restraints of their feared assumptions all becomes clear and they finally express their true feelings for each other. Mr. Knightly finds great difficultly in expressing his feelings though; ironically he finds himself with a lack of words. T he declaration of love shared between Mr. Knightly and Emma also helps to tie up most loose ends; however, it foreshadows an obstacle with regards to Harriet. This match further confirms Emmas failure at matchmaking having been so happily matched herself while also impending that the news of Emmas engagement to Mr. Knightly will crush Harriet. It is at this point bitter-sweet emotions arise. While Emma is overcome with happiness in her match, she also feels guilt for Harriet and for the uncertainty which lays ahead for Harriet. ...

Whats the Deal with Improving Paragraphs SAT Writing Section Guide and Advice

What's the Deal with Improving Paragraphs SAT Writing Section Guide and Advice SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you’re not familiar with the design of these questions on every SAT, you should be. Here’s the scoop on Improving Paragraphs (and, bonus, a quick and dirty guide to acing the SAT Essay)! In this post,we’ll look at what these questions are designed to test, why those skills are important, and, of course, how to easily take the questionsapart on test day. The Problem Education in the U.S. has changed a lot since the SAT’s inception in 1926, and so must the test. The skill of writing is a great example of how they’ve had to do that. Before 2005, the SAT didn’t have any way to measure students’ ability to read or write more than a sentence at a time. Many college officials and instructors understandably felt that this was not an ideal way to test college preparedness- most college freshmen are expected to write multiple 5-8 page papers in the first semester. But writing is a complicated process- how to break it down into small, multiple-choice-type questions? One of the ways the College Board came up with was Improving Paragraphs. The Solution Since 2005, one Writing section in each SAT has ended with a question type called Improving Paragraphs. It shows you what it calls â€Å"an early draft of an essay.† It consists of 2-4 paragraphs in which each sentence is numbered. The questions ask you to identify mistakes or make improvements to the paragraphs. Here’s an example of a question and the sentence it asks about: (6) Although zoologists do not believe that increasing numbers of raptors pose any threat to humans in urban areas, they feel it is important to maintain ongoing surveillance of the main ones where nests are most common. In context, which would best replace the word â€Å"ones† in sentence 6? (A) raptors (B) objects (C) experiments (D) urban areas (E) hypotheses The Breakdown At PrepScholar, our years of experience teaching at both the high school and college levels makes the purpose of the above question, and others like it, quite clear. In this post, we’re going to share that clarity with you. We’ll go through some common question types and explain what they're really testing. The Transition Question It asks†¦ ...which of five sentences would be best to put between two sentences (at the beginning of a paragraph). It’s really testing†¦ ...whether you know how to use transitions. Between two paragraphs, either at the end of the first or the beginning of the second, something- usually a whole sentence- should connect the main ideas of the two paragraphs to each other. Wrong answers on the SAT will mention the main idea of only one, or neither, of the paragraphs concerned. It addresses the problem†¦ ...that many students just don’t use transitions in their writing, accidentally taking the reader on a confusing, bumpy ride. But the SAT can’t ask â€Å"does this need a transition?† because there would only be 2 answers: yes and no. They also can’t ask you to write a transition yourself, since someone would then have to read it. The only option is to give you one appropriate transition and four much less appropriate sentences, and make you find the right one. The Addition Question It asks... ...which of five sentences would be best to insert into the essay at a certain point. It’s really testing†¦ ...whether you understand how to organize an essay. It addresses the problem†¦ ...that students sometimes skip linking information in their thought processes. The first sentence says something about a movie star being courageous. The one after it in the passage, which would go after the sentence we choose as the answer to this question, mentions an outcome that applies to both the movie star and the narrator. The correct answer is a direct comparison between the two- without it, the paragraph is a bit weird, but not confusing. These are difficult because they’re subtle, but the idea is the same as #30: which sentence best connects the sentences that go before and after it? The Wording Question It asks†¦ ...which of five words or phrases would be best to replace another word. It’s really testing†¦ ...whether you know how to be specific. It addresses the problem†¦ ...that students are often (read: almost always) far too vague in their writing, both in high school and college, because it’s easier to be vague. The essay is where the SAT tries to test this the most stringently, but they kind of take a stab at it here, too. Because the SAT has to come up with five answers, the words (or phrases) in these kinds of questions are usually extremely vague, like â€Å"things,† â€Å"ideas,† or â€Å"groups.† Then you have to figure out, based on context, what that vague word or phrase means more specifically. The answers, for example, might be similar nouns with different adjectives attached to them, and you have to decide which adjective would fit best with the surrounding sentences. The Main Idea Question It asks... ...about the purpose of a paragraph. It’s really testing†¦ ...whether you understand the meaning in context of some chunk of writing. It addresses the problem†¦ ...that many students don’t read deeply enough to understand how an author’s use of an example or story fits into his or her overall point. Most academic texts don’t start with a main idea like, â€Å"Cities have too much sprawl; it should be reduced.† Instead, they say something like â€Å"The strip malls designed to serve residents of new housing developments in many suburbs are not suitable replacements for historic districts or unique, local culture.† It could be argued that the first statement is clearer and thus better, but many of the works you’ll read in college will be even less clear than the second statement above, so the SAT tries to test your ability to see through the nonsense to the author’s point. The PhrasingQuestion It asks... ...you to revise half of a sentence. It’s really testing†¦ ...whether you know how to be concise. It addresses the problem†¦ ...that students use more words than they need to in communicating their points. Most of the revision questions in Improving Paragraphs are about conciseness; that’s why it’s called Improving Paragraphs and not Fixing Errors That Happen to Be in Paragraphs. Sometimes, however, they test appropriateness in context- for example, if two sentences contrast, the second needs to start with a word or phrase that indicates that contrast, e.g. â€Å"However,† â€Å"On the other hand,† or â€Å"Others believe that†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The Deletion Question It asks... ...which sentence should be deleted. It’s really testing†¦ ...whether you can eliminate irrelevant information. It addresses the problem†¦ ...of fluff, i.e. filler writing that doesn’t help develop the point of the essay. Students at both the high school and college levels tend to include irrelevant details in their writing. Nobody knows what leads to this mysterious phenomenon, but enough of it can make an essay sound like nonsense. The question is, which sentence has the least to do with the essay as a whole? (If the sentence is related to the essay, but a different part than where it is, they’ll usually ask you to move it rather than delete it.) Bonus Time: Improving Paragraphs is Useful for the Essay Too And here’s your prize for reading all the way to the end! The underlined phrases above (and below) comprise a concise set of guidelines for the SAT essay (and, really, most essays). Use transitions: the joints between paragraphs are the places readers read first. Make sure you move smoothly from one idea to the next. Organize: keep like ideas together and don’t repeat yourself. Be specific: as much as possible, use concrete names, places, and dates; instead of ‘great’ or ‘terrible,’ use specific adjectives like ‘progressive’ or ‘destructive.’ Use examples and stories: rather than hypothetical, â€Å"what-if† scenarios, you can invent situations and events to illustrate your point, so do it! Be concise: cut the fluff, it doesn’t add to your essay, and the readers see it as repetition, which hurts your score. Avoid irrelevant information: this is also tied to organization; give only examples that really drive home your point, not things that ‘kind of’ show what you mean. Other Posts You Might Like: What is a good SAT score? A bad SAT score? SAT Writing Guide Part II: Essays SAT Writing Guide Part III: Improving Sentences

B2B Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

B2B Marketing - Essay Example Thus, B2B marketing precedes what might later lead to a consumer packaged-goods marketing. These then constitutes the most fundamental differences between the two types of marketing. However, as far as the business conducting the marketing is concerned, the purpose of both is similar in that both are usually designed to support the company’s sales strategy. More such differences can be highlighted when we consider the nature of the markets, the buying processes, relationships between the buyer and seller, the marketing environment, and the overall marketing strategy. Although much of the theories principles of marketing are similar, the two contexts differ in which the theories and principles are applied. In B2B, the important characteristics to be acquainted with are business buying behaviour rather than consumer buying behaviour. Moreover, the need in B2B is to deliver a ‘value proposition’ considering the goals of the other business. Consumers or households usually only have simple such ‘goals’, but for a business, purchasing takes on a more structured and strategic objective. Therefore, extra components must be considered in B2B such as how businesses evaluate ‘value propositions’ and suppliers, employ business purchasing decision processes, assess environmental variables, and so on. Some consumers for packaged goods may exhibit a degree of similar technicality but on the whole consumer behaviour is very much different from analytical business behaviour. Besides, depending on the packaged good, consumers are unlikely to be buying the same product repeatedly or in bulk. In addition, there is a greater possibility that in B2B marketing, the two businesses could be collaborating or even have a strategic alliance. This also makes the negotiation process more personal. The other business might have specific technical or design needs, which it would seek to acquire through a close relationship with its

If it is not cold war Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

If it is not cold war - Assignment Example The US, hence, should assume an aloof position that casts her as a non-partisan party to the crisis. Harman, however, argues that the involvement of the US in the crisis is inevitable. This occurs given the attention Putin is garnering in the world. Putin’s actions could contribute towards an ideological shift that would transform world politics. Harman highlights the fact that the crisis is ideologically linked to the Ukrainian revolution. By playing partisan world politics, the US could create a crisis in the formerly stable country. Fiona Hill gives a historical account of world politics in analyzing the scenario. She highlights Russia as the core of communism that dominated the Stalin government. On the other end, the US is a capitalistic outfit that has long argued for liberal markets. When Putin gains control of Ukraine, he may attain the leeway to impose a new socio-economic order that is aligned to authoritarianism and central management of governments. Russia, in this case, is making a deliberate move of inviting the world’s attention to her

Business and Academic Skills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business and Academic Skills - Essay Example The person working as the Sales Manager in a company is required to have knowledge and skill in application of numerical sets for it helps the manager to forecast the future sales conditions depending on the existing sales situation. The sales manager in turn is required to broadly quantify the different anticipations for the sales in relation to different categories. The customer relationship manager is required to keep large databases of different types of consumers relating to different regions and sectors. Thus effective database management in regards to the purchase behaviour of the consumers along with the different offers set from time to time constitutes an important activity of the customer relationship manager. ... Teamwork also helps the sales manager in gaining effective feedback through which sales strategies can be modified. The customer relationship manager is required to work effectively in a team consisting of the marketing manager and also of the operations manager. Teamwork taught in the business management course helps in maintaining effective coordination between the different departments to achieve the business objective. Self-management The Business Analyst working in an analytical environment needs to manage his own skills by rightly updating them to help find potential business solutions. The skill sets can be better enhanced through enhancing one’s knowledge parameters based on different software that has been developed relating to statistical and mathematical model formulation. Self-management is highly required for a sales manager in regards to encouraging and providing enthusiasm to the workers and sales officers to perform well in a particular territory. Self discipli ne of the sales manager can only help in streamlining and synchronizing the sales operations of the officers working in the different territories. The customer relationship manager is required to manage own set of responsibilities to help satisfy and sustain the different consumer groups for the concern. Thus self-management on our part in meeting established responsibilities is highly required for being a customer relationship manager. Business & Customer Awareness In regards to the parameter for business and customer awareness the person working in a Business Analyst profile is required to understand the analytical requirements from both the market and business perspective and thereby render adequate analysis. Moreover the Business Analyst

Communication psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Communication psychology - Essay Example Adequate advertising and promotional activities are the key marketing strategies that increase the brand awareness of every individual product of an organization. Advertising is a tool of marketing communication that used to persuade, encourage and manipulate the Audiences to take some new purchasing decisions. Moreover, the purpose of advertising is to reassure the shareholders or employees that an organization is successful or viable enough (Silvera 2004). The desired result of advertising is to drive the consumer buying behaviour with respect to commercial offering. Commercial advertiser habitually seek to produce increased consumption of their goods and services through branding that involves relating a product logo or product name with certain qualities in the minds of Audiences. Non-profit organizations may depend on the form of persuasion, such as PSA. The non-commercial advertisers who spend capitals to promote their products and services other than consumer goods or services include interest groups, governmental agencies, political parties and religious organizations (Silvera 2004). There are various techniques used in creating an effective advertisement for a product in the market. Advertising is most evident on TV, radio, the internet, newspapers, magazines and many other places. Advertising targets specific people or an Audience in specific places like the billboards, the subway, buses, emails, mailings and in store announcements. Some products also act like advertisements themselves like T-shirts, video games, products in movies, vending machines just to mention a few. The advert aims are to reassure customers who have already purchased the product for its continuous production; customer loyalty, get the attention of non-users to start using, to create an image for a product in the market and finally to persuade the customer to purchase the product (Silvera 2004). Transfer of knowledge and

Reflection on assignment 1 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Reflection on 1 - Assignment Example And so it will be for our case study scenario. Knowledge management is generally a form of implementation expertise-centered management that focuses upon working with human expertise so as to achieve the strategized business advantages, Broadbent, M. (1988). An illustrative diagram of the knowledge management protocols that should be implemented in any organization for effectiveness in information sharing and better communication between organizations’ managers and other staffs members of the organization is shown below. As shown in the above diagram, the cycle of knowledge management system is continuous; capturing management of information flows, capturing of organizational learning exercises, leveraging the organizational knowledge base and working on sustainable business value of the organization at large, Boynton, A. (1996). ... ch team member of the working force with general/ whole experiences of the organization/ company, organized in the provided knowledge management system to enable for quicker, consistent and confidentiality in the handling of the organizations’ operational and managerial tasks. This therefore means that knowledge management helps to avoid reworks which are known to the managements as costly and common in situations of limited or no knowledge managerial skills. ii. Basing on the work as the main focus, knowledge management has demonstrated the benefits such as increased contact resolutions; decreased rates of escalations; advanced speed/ rates of performing tasks in terms of time utility; and finally, handling of the significant growths in clients related services and their satisfaction without any corresponding increase in the numbers of workers in that relation. iii. Considering situations where a client may wish to reach the management, effective knowledge management are most ly applicable to enable self-service all channels of choice as may be required by most clients. This practice allows clients to frequently get back to using an organization’s products or services, and consequently giving room for the organization’s workforce to highly concentrate on the high-value matters that require recommendable expertise. Case Analysis Organizations with well stipulated knowledge management systems in place have the characteristics of learning their own organizations with well structured and managed information flows and the general organizational behaviors in the areas of leadership, culture, managing people as assets, and both structures and processes. Having discussed the difficulties experienced in our case scenario, the importance of accessibility to and improved

My Favorite Manager Essay Example for Free

My Favorite Manager Essay I worked in Strategic Centre, Consumer support services and global solution centre. I was hired as an front line operative and got promoted to Tech Lead role over time. When I was a trainer, my manager was Navin Kumar. Before working at HP, I used to work with Convergys. I was a front end operative at each of the other jobs before HP. Navin Kumar was my favorite because he had a relaxed mentality to the job but held accountability for actions. He allowed me and the other Trainers to have a say when running the Training module. He had the final say on all ideas but was open for input to improve the function of the Trainers efficiency. He was very personable and did not have the typical manager attitude. If I did my work when he wanted it completed and it was up to his level of quality his relationship was more similar to that of friends than a manager. If you failed to meet his expectations then he came down on me with a very strong force. He was not a typical manager in that sense. He set lofty expectations because he wanted me to succeed at a high level instead of setting low goals and just settling for an easy way out. He would set weekly goals and would reward the highest trainer efficiency scores that was internally maintained by HP Training team. This was motivation to test training methods and try to beat out my co-workers. He also had a level of respect for each of his employees that I never received at one of my other jobs. At HP everyone had the same level of expectations and if you did not meet them, Navin would work with that person to build up their quality of work or they would be mentored more rigorously with a clear performance improvement plan for not meeting expectations. I respected him more for being open to criticism. He would allow his trainers and senior trainers to critique him and help him improve his work quality. If I could work for Navin Kumar again I would immediately

Life and Work of Frank Gehry

Life and Work of Frank Gehry Many of Frank Gehrys early works reflect a refined manipulation of shapes and structures, whereby many of his buildings present distorted shapes or apparent structures. From the Guggenheim museum to the Walt Disney concert hall, Frank Gehrys architecture is close to none. He cleverly plays with shapes and geometries. In this essay, I shall start with a brief analysis of Gehrys house and the influences in the design of the house. I shall then analyze the extent to which Frank Lloyd Wright has inspired and influenced Gehry in the design of his house through a comparison with Frank Lloyd Wrights Jacobs house. Gehry draws his inspiration from famous paintings such as the Madonna and Child which he qualifies as a strategy for architecture (Friedman M., 2003, p. 42) and which he used as an inspiration for a project in Mexico. Through his interpretation of the paintings and artwork, Gehry looked for a new kind of architecture. His search for a new type of architecture culminated in 1978 with his own house in Santa Monica. What was once a traditional Californian house would be redesigned to become one of the most important and revolutionary designs of the 20th century, giving Gehry international prestige and fame. Frank Gehrys Own House uses a mixture of corrugated metal, plywood, chain link and asphalt to construct a new envelope for an existing typical Californian house. This house has been inspired by Joseph Cornell, Ed Moses and Bob Rauschenberg. Gehry comments on his house by saying that there was something magical (Friedman M., 2003, p. 54) about it. He admits having followed the end of his [my] nose (Friedman M., 2003, p. 54) when it came to constructing the new house, which led Arthur Drexler, former Director from the Department of Architecture and Design at the museum of Modern Art in New York, to actually describe the house as a joke. (Friedman M., 2003, p. 54) Through his work, Frank Gehry can be considered as an artist rather than an architect. His own house is one of the best works of art he has ever produced. In many of Gehrys early works such as the Danziger building, we learn about his worry of the translation of ideas through the many people involved in the process of making a bulding (Friedman M., 2003, p. 44), which according to him drain the strength and power out of an idea (Friedman M., 2003, p. 44); but in his Own House however, he proves us that his worry only makes his ideas and designs more powerful. He makes use of large openings, peculiar wall cladding or large lighted rooms as well as visible structure frames to reflect the postmodern style o f the house as well as to convey his wish to bring architecture to its roots, to its bare beauty. What Gehry loves about architecture and what is reflected in the style of his Own House is the humanity of it (Friedman M., 2003, p. 42). The barricading of the old house reminds us of artists such as Christo and Jeanne Claude with the Rheimstag wrapping while the angled protrusions and cuts through the old house shows Gordon Matta Clarks influence in the style of the Own House. Gehry says in an interview that his desire to use metal as a primary construction material came with Donna ONeills hay barn, for which he used metal because he could now make a very tough sculptural shape (Friedman M., 2003, p. 45), making the building fit the site hence creating a sculptural identity (Friedman M., 2003, p. 45). Just like for the titanium-clad faà §ade of the Guggenheim museum, Gehry makes use of metal cladding for his Own House. He builds walls around the old house using corrugated sheets of metal and chain link. Gehry justifies his use of chain link by saying: The chain link for me was about denial. There was so much denial about it. I couldnt believe it. (Friedman M., 2003, p. 47) He explains how modern domestic design for him is all about challenging the culture, using cheap, recycled materials and transforming them into a work of art. (Friedman, 2003) The use of metal to create new shapes for buildings, such as for the California Aerospace Museum, Los Angeles, 1984 or the University of Toledo Center for the Visual Arts, 1992 prove how Gehrys vision was beyond that of architects of his time. He admits that A number of artist friends have influenced (Friedman M., 2003, p. 43) his work and that architecture is reflected in a painting: the materials used, the texture applied or the theme o f the painting but he also expresses a great admiration for the works of his modern predecessors such as Frank Lloyd Wright or Le Corbusier. As mentioned before, Gehry was inspired by many modern architects, namely Frank Lloyd Wright. Gehry is referred to as a postmodern architect, applying modernism of the 20th century to his buildings all while challenging the conventions of that time. Frank Lloyd Wright is certainly a pioneer of modernism. To him we owe the idea of organic architecture, buildings on L, X, or T shaped grounds. Wright once said: To thus make of a human dwelling-place a complete work of artà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦this is the tall modern American opportunity in Architecture. (Humphries, 1970, p. 25) We notice how his vision of architecture resembles that of Gehry, with the reference to art. Nevertheless, the planning of Wrights houses with his idea of form following function contrasts with Gehrys idea of free plan. Still, the idea of using cheap materials for the Gehry house is a dà ©jà   vu of Wrights wish to cure this defect with houses that were simpler and more economical to build, that combined living and di ning areas into one and separated them from a bedroom zone, and that finally turned the blocky walls into windows on nature (Maddex, 2000, p. 80) basically, Wrights Usonian project. Wright wanted to build small, single storey, flat-roofed affordable houses which would make the garden as a main part of the house and create a new type of dwelling and lifestyle for the Americans. He wanted to make housing more affordable and energy efficient. The Usonian project is a development that started with Wrights transformation of the symmetrical, cruciform and pinwheel Prairie House plan into the courtyard plan. (Carter, 2001, p. 250)Hence, Wright saw the Usonian Houses as asymmetrical quadrants of the bigger symmetrical Prairie Houses. (Carter, 2001, p. 249) Perhaps one of the most famous Usonian houses by Wright is the Jacobs house, presenting an L shape plan as well as the idea of pleasant geometry, hence the very rectangular and strict edges of the house. Wrights plans of the first Jacobs house reveal adequately his vision of the Usonian houses. Hence, from his plans, we see how the garden is the geometric centre of the plan and the focus of the spatial arrangement. The idea behind the layout of the spaces in Gehrys house reflects that of Wright in Jacobs house. Hence, in the Jacobs house, the two wings of the house are well planned so as to differentiate between the public and private areas of the house. There are two entrances into the house; one leading to the private quarters, the bedrooms, and the other one to the living room and dining area on which the kitchen opens. The dining area is used as a transition between the private and public areas of the Jacobs house. To further differentiate between the nature of the different spac es, Wright uses brick wall cladding within the living room and the entrance to indicate the public nature of these spaces. We can also ask ourselves whether Wright has not influenced Gehry in the addition of the many windows and openings in his Own house. Wrights idea of architectural purism and organic architecture preach a relationship between agriculture and architecture: The American landscape was for Wright unique and in need of integration into American daily domestic life (Carter, 2001) We note how Wright makes the garden the most important space in the house. When we look at the Jacobs house from the street, the view is not inspiring; we do not feel the warmth of the house. The street view offers a dull empty front yard with no indication of how to enter the house except from the carport. If we compare this to the garden view, we immediately feel as if we are in the house. The garden view provides floor to ceiling windows, Jacobs house street view p.254 (Carter, 2001) which enable us to see the on goings of the inhabitants inside the house. Similarly, the house becomes a mere object in the landscape. We instantly understand that Wright wants to pull our focus towards the most important member of the house, the garden. We observe how by adding new walls to the existing building, Gehry incorporates the surroundings into the house, creating a new space to contain the public/service areas of the house. Other than the relationship between the house and its surroundings, Gehry has also applied Wrights Beaux arts planning with the idea of the raised floor level as well as the hierarchy of the spaces. Hence, in the Jacobs house, Wright has created a certain hierarchy of spaces with a geometric module governing horizontal and vertical spaces (Maddex, 2000, p. 82). A large open area is dedicated to the living room and the kitchen. As we enter the Jacobs house, we are oriented towards the garden by the glass doors. Similarly, the dining room is projected (Carter, 2001, p. 254) into the garden by horizontal wood walls with high windows which allow people standing in the kitchen to see into the garden. The public areas are all oriented towards the garden, creating an open space as we walk into the house. The master bedroom is clearly set apart by the bending corridor which leads to the private areas of the house. In Gehrys Own house, he uses the same principle, with the entrance leading dir ectly onto the living area which is raised above ground level. The public areas namely the kitchen, dining room and living room are all located on the right while the bedrooms are on the left, well secluded by walls. We highlight how the dining room and the kitchen are both located on the lower level, again creating this idea of hierarchy planning of spaces. We also point out Frank Lloyd Wrights idea of interlocking forms and symmetry that is reflected in Gehry house design. The Jacobs house presents itself in an L shape, which if we think of it, is barely the interlocking of two rectangles at 90 °. All the spaces in the Jacobs house are also connected at right angles. This same scheme of interlocking forms is clearly visible in the Gehry house with the notable glass cube that hangs on top of the kitchen acting as a strong source of natural light which again puts a lot of emphasis on Wrights notion of organic Gehrys Own house, kitchen view,  design, using the maximum amount of n atural resources from the surroundings for use in the house. As mentioned above, Gehry states that his choice of materials only results from their workability (for metal) or their personal significance (for chain link) but we can question that and ask ourselves how far was the choice of materials for his own house influenced by Frank Lloyd Wrights idea that from standardized materials, economy (Maddex, 2000, p. 82). Wright once said: The sense of interior space as a reality in organic architecture co-ordinates with the enlarged means of modern materials (Humphries, 1970, p. 124). For Wright, the materials used had a connection to earth. In the Jacobs house, Wright made use of a lot of wood and glass to create a comfy and warm atmosphere as well as a connection with the surroundings. He used modern materials which he believed could evoke the idea of empathy through his buildings. The low proportions of the Jacobs house oriented the house horizontally rather than vertically and Wright saw the horizontal line as the true earth line of human life, indicative of freedom. (Carter, 2001, p. 255). To him, the horizontal planes of the house helped convey the idea of empathy. Hence the planes parallel to the earth in buildings identify themselves with the ground, do most to make the buildings belong to the ground and represent the true foundation for life within the house. (Carter, 2001, p. 255) Wrights notion of modernism has with no doubt pushed Gehry towards creating a new kind of architecture. When we compare how both architects interpret modern architecture, we understand fairly easily how much of an influence Frank Lloyd Wright has had on Gehry. Wright said: In organic architecture the hard straight line breaks to the dotted line where stark necessity ends and thus allows appropriate rhythm to enter in order to leave suggestion its proper values. This is modern. (Humphries, 1970, p. 125) When we read this quote, we find that it fairly relates to Gehrys idea of deconstructivism in his own house, whereby there is a fragmentation in the design of the house. Frank Gehry has a different approach to modern domestic design. Wright wanted modern human dwellings to have earth as a great human good and make the garden be the building as much as the building will be the garden Both Wright and Gehry have been influenced by the Japanese culture. The construction of the Jacobs hous e is said to be related to the traditional Japanese house and the four primal elements that Gottfried Semper identified in 1852: earthwork, hearth, framework and roof and a screen-like infill wall. Wright combined the first two elements (earthwork and hearth) by passing pipes into the concrete flooring that would carry steam or hot water so that the floor would become a source of heat. The heating of the Jacobs house coincided with Wrights wish to use natural lighting; hence the south facing glass doors provided the house with heat during winter. This made the Usonian houses extremely energy efficient long before this was an issue for other architects (Carter, 2001, p. 255) Having compared Wrights Jacobs house to Gehrys own house, we can justly say that Gehry was influenced by art. So much that we can refer to him as an artist rather than an architect. His interest in paintings and sculptures has given him the opportunity to design buildings that would change the course of architecture for the future years to come. Gehry has also applied some of Frank Lloyd Wrights principles to his designs. The extent to which this influence can be measured is unsure but a parallel comparison between the Jacobs house and Gehrys own house has allowed us to conclude that Wrights principals of Beaux arts planning, interlocking forms, organic architecture and symmetry can be found in Gehrys own house. Frank Gehry has taken the principles of modern architecture from his predecessors and applied it to his designs with his own twist of magic. He uses Wrights concepts and ideas to create new design conventions for himself. Through his designs, Gehry wishes to challenge the ord inary. He is said to have founded the new wave of Californian architects. Frank Lloyd Wright, on the other hand is considered as one of the founders of modern architecture but what is certain is that they have both had a tremendous influence on the world of architecture today.

Appalachia Culture Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many people have different views on what Appalachia is, I grew up thinking that Appalachia meant people were dirty, poor, illiterate, inbreed and we also called them mountain people. As I grew up I realized that most of the things they went through and had a hard time with, I was dealing with the same problems. So what exactly is Appalachia? Well you will find out as you read on.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Appalachia is no longer the land of severe poverty that it was three decades ago, now the poverty rate of one in 15 is close to the national average. The number of adults who have received a high school diploma has also jumped from one out of three to two out of three; and the infant death rate has been cut in half. Comparing the 391 counties in the Appalachian Regional Commission with counties outside the region that were similar to Appalachian counties in the 1960s, researchers found that Appalachian counties grew significantly faster than their counterparts. Specifically, overall income in Appalachia grew 48 percent faster; per capita income grew 17 percent faster; and population grew five percent faster.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Appalachian mountaineers have been discovered and forgotten many times. Their primitive agriculture disrupted by foragers and incessant guerrilla warfare, thousands of them straggled out of the mountains in search of food and shelter. Their plight was brought to the attention of President Lincoln, who promised that after the war a way would be found to aid the poor mountain people whom the world had bypassed and forgotten for so long. The war ended, President Lincoln was assassinated, and so therefore Appalachia was forgotten. Appalachian people are considered a separate culture, made up of many unique backgrounds - Native Americans, Irish, English and Scotch, and then a third immigration of Germans and Poles - all blended together across the region. The mountains also figure into the uniqueness of Appalachia. The mountains kept Appalachia isolated from the rest of the country and from other people's involvement in their lives that they developed a distinctive culture. (arministry.org) The life in the wilderness and the continuing isolation of Appalachian people has made us different from most other Americans. The Appalachian value system that influences attitudes and behavior is diff... ...the only major geologic event in the history of the Appalachians. Several glaciers have covered parts of the Northern Appalachians over the last three million years. (Appalachian tales) The mountains have been there ever since and that is how they were formed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  So what is Appalachia? Appalachia is no different from any other person in this world. The people had to struggle just as bad as some of us did, but were criticized because they lived in the mountains or away from other people. They didn’t know that once they sold their land for the oil miners that they would loose everything and eventually be run out from their own homes. They couldn’t help being poor or not being able to go to school and get the proper education like most of us got. So why do we still have these same stereotypes now as they had before? One description was that they walked barefoot and I guess I’m part of the Appalachian region because I walk outside almost everyday barefoot even though I had my thoughts about which Appalachian people were. Appalachia is part of our history that people don’t know much about or they wouldn’t have these stereotypes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

michael porter Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  PORTER'S FIVE COMPETITIVE FORCESMethodology 4 Because the subject matter of strategic management is so inherently complex and because each one of us brings his own personal biases to the analysis, it was suggested early on that virtually all case material in the field be analyzed from the perspective of more than one methodology. Profit theory and industrial chains were selected as the first of a number of viable approaches to the analytical process. It would have been equally correct to select the Five Competitive Forces analysis refined by Michael Porter, one of the major figures in the field of strategic management. This methodology addresses the same issues but differs only in the language that they use to describe corporate behavior. The five forces are:  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The threat of new entrants into an industry or a market served by a specific company.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The bargaining power of suppliers.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The bargaining power of customers.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Threat of substitute products or services.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The intensity of the rivalry among existing firms. Each of these topics is treated separately in the discussion that follows. The threat of new entrants The ease with which firms can enter into a new market or industry is a critical variable in the strategic management process. In some industries the barriers to entry are minimal. In oth... michael porter Essay -- essays research papers   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  PORTER'S FIVE COMPETITIVE FORCESMethodology 4 Because the subject matter of strategic management is so inherently complex and because each one of us brings his own personal biases to the analysis, it was suggested early on that virtually all case material in the field be analyzed from the perspective of more than one methodology. Profit theory and industrial chains were selected as the first of a number of viable approaches to the analytical process. It would have been equally correct to select the Five Competitive Forces analysis refined by Michael Porter, one of the major figures in the field of strategic management. This methodology addresses the same issues but differs only in the language that they use to describe corporate behavior. The five forces are:  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The threat of new entrants into an industry or a market served by a specific company.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The bargaining power of suppliers.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The bargaining power of customers.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Threat of substitute products or services.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The intensity of the rivalry among existing firms. Each of these topics is treated separately in the discussion that follows. The threat of new entrants The ease with which firms can enter into a new market or industry is a critical variable in the strategic management process. In some industries the barriers to entry are minimal. In oth...

Racial and Ethnic Discrimination in Canada Essay

â€Å"You know the world is off tilt when the best rapper is a white guy (Eminem), the best golfer is a black guy (Tiger Woods), the tallest basketball player is Chinese (Yao Ming, 7’6†³) and Germany doesn’t want to go to war (in Iraq)†. Charles Barkley stated in a 2003 interview, pointing out various misconceptions with stereotypes. A stereotype is defined by dictionary. com as: â€Å"something conforming to a fixed or general pattern; especially: an often oversimplified or biased mental picture held to characterize the typical individual of a group†. I have commonly heard stereotypes such as the French are good cooks, Italians are great lovers, and the Irish are lazy or comments made like dumb jock, lazy Cape Bretoner, or that women are not strong!! The list could go on endlessly as there appears to be stereotypes regarding people of all races, religions, sexes and ethnic groups, etcetera. Stereotypes can be either positive or negative. Most stereotypes tend to make us feel superior in some way to the person or group being stereotyped. Stereotypes ignore the uniqueness of individuals by painting all members of a group with the same brush. Throughout the course of this paper I plan to discuss some racial and ethnic issues in Canada. Where some of these issues originated from, what we can personally do to help eliminate discrimination in the workplace and what the government is doing to try to combat such discrimination. Let me first begin by defining discrimination, racism and ethnicity since these terms are all important terms to understand before going into further discussion. To discriminate is simply defined by yourdictionary. com as: â€Å"To make distinctions on the basis of class or category without regard to individual merit; show preference or prejudice. † Therefore, discrimination occurs when a person is not treated equally because of their gender, race, religion, ethnic origin, nationality, sexual orientation, or age. Yourdictionary. com defines racism as: â€Å"The belief that race accounts for differences in human character or ability and that a particular race is superior to others. Discrimination or prejudice based on race. † In other words, when an individual or group is treated unfairly or abused because of their skin color or racial heritage they are victims of racism. Ethnic, as defined by yourdictionary. Com is: â€Å"Of or relating to a sizable group of people sharing a common and distinctive racial, national, religious, linguistic, or cultural heritage. B. Being a member of a particular ethnic group, especially belonging to a national group by heritage or culture but residing outside its national boundaries. † With that being said, it is my belief that stereotypes and ignorance about others most often lead to discriminatory behavior both inside and outside the workplace. I have heard Canada described as a multicultural nation meaning that Canadians are not of any one cultural background, race or heritage. For all Canadians, including Aboriginal People, this multicultural diversity can be traced to an immigrant past. This does not mean that the majority of today’s Canadians are immigrants but rather that the majority of Canadians have in their past, perhaps many generations ago, a family member who migrated here from another country. That is why many of us have a mixed ancestry, for example; Irish, Scottish, Ukrainian, French and Aboriginal, and the list can go on. Canada’s Aboriginal People were the first to immigrate, and settle across the continent, tens of thousands of years before European settlers. After the European settlers came the French, followed by the English, Scots and Irish formulating Canada into the diverse country it is today. In the years before the American Civil War, thousands of black slaves escaped slavery in the United States by following the â€Å"Underground Railway† north to Canada. Then, at the turn of the century, American farmers moved northward into the Canadian prairies to develop farm lands. Although Canada originally consisted of a wide variety of immigrants, some people were not as welcome in the country as others and were therefore not treated equally. Those who were of different race, color, or religion then the majority of Canadians were labeled as â€Å"foreigners†. The use of the term â€Å"foreigner† held many connotations for example, different, strange or inferior and many at the time wanted to see the â€Å"foreigners† assimilate to fit into Canadian society. There are many events in Canada’s past that has contributed to the racism and discrimination in Canada today for example, the disregard and unfair treatment of Aboriginal Peoples by European’s who settled here. Even though a vast majority of African-Americans moved to Canada to avoid slavery, from early in the 1600’s until 1834 there was a recorded 4092 slaves throughout the country, mostly living in Quebec . The Asiatic Exclusion League, which originated in California in 1905 as an anti-Oriental movement, moved north into Vancouver in 1907. The league was the main instigator in anti-Asian riots in the city since their main goal was to have all Chinese and Japanese immigrants removed from North America out of fear that they were taking jobs away from Whites . It also appears that throughout history the acceptance of immigrants in Canada greatly depended upon the economic state of the country at that time. During the Great Depression of the 1930’s immigrants seeking jobs were unwelcome and overlooked for employment. Although the Government of Canada has made many advances in breaking the barriers that Aboriginal People, immigrants and minorities face in the country; immigrants today still face a number of problems when trying to enter the labor market, for example: ? Non-recognition of international credentials and work experience ? Lack of Canadian work experience ? Inability to communicate in English or French ?Insufficient labor market information prior to immigrating to Canada I have traveled to some of the major cities in Canada and was a little surprised by the degree of segregation that is apparent in these cities. By this, I mean that these larger cities, like Toronto and Vancouver, have communities which are almost completely independent from the rest of the country. These independent communities that I saw, of Chinese or Italian people, seemed to have everything they needed to survive within the community including their own schools. I could not help but wonder what effect this type of segregation has on the country. I respect the fact that all people are trying to protect their identity. At the same time, by choosing to live in Canada, shouldn’t they try to integrate into the country a little more while still preserving their identities? Shouldn’t they try to assimilate? How can Canada thrive as a country with so much segregation? We need to become a unified country. Not such a historical thought pattern, I guess!! It is people who have attitudes like mine that are causing problems in the country or do all people have these thoughts and choose not to admit it. I have similar negative feelings about scholarships being available only to certain people or government funding for certain people to attend university because they are a minority. I understand that differential treatment is required in order for equality to become a possibility. However, I still feel a degree of resentment about these programs being offered when I have to borrow money in an effort to obtain my university degree. Will this resentment evolve? When I hold a management position in the future, will I discriminate against a person because he or she doesn’t have a huge student loan to pay and another does? It is cases like mine that causes racism to continue in society and the workplace today? With the announcement of Nova Scotia’s plan to increase immigration into the province came an increase in the racist comments I have heard. Since I work in bars I hear, and partake in, a great deal of conversation. When people are drinking they tend to be even more likely to say things they normally wouldn’t. That is why I have heard, at times, some very racist remarks. People have said that the government should be trying to retain people in the province that are born here before they bring â€Å"foreigners† here. They need to take care of their own first!! It is because of these comments and feelings that I am doubtful that discrimination against people, because of their race or color, will ever be completely eliminated in the country. How do we achieve equality with so much differentiation? How do we check or personal opinions at the door when we go to work? Since it is impossible to eliminate racism and discrimination entirely in society, we need to do as much as possible to eliminate it in the workplace. We need to make changes similar to the changes companies have made in an effort to combat discrimination against people because of their religion. For example, adapting zero tolerance rules, providing more education for employees, human resource departments need to provide more opportunities for people of minorities, immigrants, and Aboriginal Peoples and barriers have to be removed for all these people who are trying to enter our labor market. March 21, 2005 is International Day for Elimination of Racial Discrimination a day to remember the struggles and challenges that Aboriginal peoples and people of color have endured. It is also a time to recognize and applaud the fact that members of these two communities have made anti-racism struggles a significant part of labor’s agenda. Lets’ respect this day and try to make some positive changes at home, school, or work toward eliminating racism.